What do we mean by "being a girl"?

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A fair number of the stories here are about a character wanting to "be a woman" (or be a "girl") or being transformed into one. I do a lot of thinking about gender and deconstructing it, so it occurred to me: what exactly is it that these characters want? (Not that they would all agree, of course.) People talk about "man" and "woman" as if it were obvious what we mean, as if maybe the categorization of people into "man" or "woman" were a physical property of the universe, but that kind of avoids the question. (I'm reminded of the recent stories of politicians trying to define "woman.")

A thought experiment: one of these characters who is convinced that life is not worth living if they can't be a woman is kidnapped by some aliens whose biology and culture doesn't have the notion of sex or gender at all. They have no clue what we mean by "man" or "woman." They have the technology to transform people -- they could turn the character into a frog, for instance -- and they would like to help this poor suffering character by transforming them into a "woman," but the character has to describe exactly what things they want changed, without resorting to gender terminology, or if they do, they have to define each such term in non-gendered terms. Maybe these aliens have never seen a woman, so the character can't say, I want to look like X.

I suspect that different characters would pick different things: some might see menstruation as an absolute requirement, others might not care, or would be happy to do without it. Or, if they say they have to have breasts, then: how big? How functional? What shape? (Note that real cis women aren't alike in this respect.) Basically, what things are essential to being what the character thinks of when they say they have to be a woman?

What would your character(s) say? For that matter, what would you say?

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